Wall Street Journal
By Laura Meckler
April 29, 2014
WASHINGTON—A
new report on deportations under the Obama administration paints a
picture of two different approaches: a strict, "zero tolerance" policy
at the U.S. border,
where deportations are rising, and selective removals from the interior
of the U.S., where deportations have fallen.
The
number of formal removals at the border has risen every year under
President Barack Obama. At the same time, deportations from the U.S.'s
interior have fallen for
five consecutive years.
This
dichotomy is rarely recognized by combatants on either side of the
immigration debate. Immigration advocates staging round-the-clock
protests focus on the overall
figures, which have hit a record, and they denounce Mr. Obama as the
"deporter-in-chief." Conservatives say Mr. Obama is too soft on people
living in the U.S. illegally but say little about stepped-up border
enforcement.
The
administration is "really trying to thread the needle," said Marc
Rosenblum, author of the report released on Tuesday by the nonpartisan
Migration Policy Institute.
"They're trying to be tough on enforcement, and to be humane and
minimize the harm done to settled immigrant communities, and it's pretty
hard to do both."
The
report comes as the Obama administration reviews its deportation policy
with an eye toward whether officials can enforce the law more
"humanely."
Overall,
the U.S. is now deporting many more people every year than it once did.
Nearly two million people were deported during the first five years of
the Obama administration,
equal to eight years under President George W. Bush. Since 1996, when
Congress last passed major immigration legislation, the U.S. has
deported 4.5 million people, the report said, with annual totals rising
steadily over time.
The
report attributes the rise to new laws expanding the grounds for
removal and speeding the deportation process, sizable increases in
enforcement budgets and policy
decisions by the last three administrations.
But it explains that the enforcement landscape is very different at the border compared with the interior.
Most
of the complaints about the Obama deportation policy focus on people in
the interior of the country who are separated from their families,
sometimes after encountering
law enforcement in connection with something as minor as a broken
taillight.
But total deportations from the interior have steadily fallen to about 133,500 in fiscal year 2013 from about 238,000 in 2009.
The
report concluded that the administration is applying its stated
priorities for enforcement, and said most of the people deported have
criminal convictions or, increasingly,
prior immigration offenses.
Both
of those are considered priorities for removal under Obama policy,
though the review under way is looking at whether a prior immigration
offense should put someone
on the priority list for deportation.
"On
a systemic level, the great majority of the nearly two million people
removed by the current administration during its first five years appear
to fall into one or
more of the DHS enforcement priority categories," the report found.
Some conservatives seized these statistics to argue that the Obama administration isn't deporting enough people.
"The
evidence is beyond refute: enforcement has been dismantled," said
Stephen Miller, a spokesman for Sen. Jeff Sessions (R., Ala.). "Interior
deportations have plummeted
more than 40% since 2009, producing a surge in new illegal immigration
that threatens Americans' wages."
At the border, there were about 235,000 deportations in 2013, up from about 135,000 in 2008.
That
is partly because the Obama administration has continued a policy that
delivers more severe "consequences" to people who attempt to cross
illegally, compared with
simply returning them to where they came from. Where a would-be crosser
might have been simply turned back in years past, now he or she is put
through formal deportation proceedings. That makes it a crime for the
person to try again.
In
2005, 82% of nearly 1.2 million people apprehended at the Southwest
border were allowed to voluntarily return, the report said. In 2012,
only 21% of about 357,000 people
apprehended were given that chance.
Some
advocates argue that the administration should offer leniency and even
allow some illegal crossers to come into the country if they have lived
here before and have
strong family ties.
"The
totality of somebody's equities should be considered," said Chris
Newman of the National Day Laborers Organizing Network, one of the
leading groups pressuring the
White House to ratchet back deportations.
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